第二節 比較級
英文中形容詞在進行比較時需變為比較級，主要有兩種形式：
在詞尾加-er (單音節形容詞)，如：fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等；
或在詞前加more (多音節形容詞)，如：more useful, more complex等
少數詞比較級形式特殊，如：good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更遠的)/further(更進一步的)，
考點一 含有標志詞than
1．最常見的比較級句式是由連詞than引導比較的對象，
如：It takes less time to go there by air than by train.
She possesses more books than I do.
He is more intelligent than I expected.
than可視為比較級的標志詞，在填空題中，
空后含有than的， 通常空格處需要填比較級，
空格前含有比較級的，通常空格處需要填than引導的從句。
例題：
(1)
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.
(A) coolest
(B) the coolest
(C) cooler
(D) the cooler
答案：A
解釋：標志詞than意味著應用比較級，A, B可先排除；D多the; 只有A正確
(2)
Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.
應改為：more
解釋：標志詞than表明此句應用比較級，而不是最高級
2．為避免重復，than之后的從句中有些成分可以省略，只把相比的部分突出出來:
情況1: 用指示代詞that, those來代替省略的部分,
如：The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain.
(that 指代the population)
His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues.
(those 指代 designs)
情況2: 在省略的過程中，若than之后從句的謂語部分相同, 比較的是主語部分, 那么謂語部分通常用助動詞do來代替, 并且習慣上將從句主語和助動詞倒裝 (do + 主語)
如：The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may
probably contribute more to the success of a play.
例題：
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals.
(A) than do
(B) that are having
(C) which have
(D) that do
答案：A
解釋：空格前出現了形容詞比較級，空格后是比較對象，應由than連接，選項中只有A符合條件，其中由助動詞do引起了一個小倒裝
